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	<title>Junior Science Reporter &#187; materials</title>
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	<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk</link>
	<description>Science news for children aged 7-11</description>
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		<title>Spinning spider silk</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=420</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=420#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2015 17:23:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animals including humans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Living things]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Properties and changes of materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden orb-weaver]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kevlar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[living]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[living things]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[news]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protein]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spider]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spiders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[steel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[thread]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=420</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada, are working out how to make artificial spider silk. Spiders build their webs out of lightweight, incredibly tough, slightly stretchy spider silk. It is stronger than steel and tougher than kevlar, which is used to make puncture-proof bicycle inner tubes. The building blocks of the silk are particular types of a substance called protein. (Different kinds of proteins are found in your hair and in foods such as meat and eggs). Jan Rainey and his coworkers have worked out exactly which proteins make up the spider silk and how they are joined to each other. The difficult part, though, is spinning the proteins into long strands. The researchers are still working on that. Spiders make up to seven different types of silk, with slightly different properties. For instance, the toughest sort is used to wrap up prey caught in the spider&#8217;s web. Normal silk comes from silk threads spun by silk worms when they are making a cocoon. Groups of silk worms are fairly easy to look after and their cocoons can be unwound into lengths of silk thread. However, spiders are more difficult to look after and in groups may begin [...]]]></description>
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		<title>Superdry</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=330</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=330#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2015 09:51:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Materials and their properties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Properties and changes of materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laser]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[news]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patterns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-cleaning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[superhydrophobic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water-hating]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=330</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Scientists at the University of Rochester in the USA have treated metals so that they keep dry even when splashed with water. Chunlei Guo, professor of optics at the University of Rochester in the USA explains that these &#8216;super-hydrophobic&#8217; (water-hating) materials are useful, for example, for preventing ice from forming on aircraft wings, or to keep surfaces clean and dry and free of bacteria (germs). Most current hydrophobic materials rely on chemical coatings, but these can rub off. Professor Guo used lasers to make tiny patterns on the surface of the metals. The patterns make the metals repel water. As water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces, it also collects dust particles and takes them along for the ride. To test this self-cleaning property, Professor Guo and his team took ordinary dust from a vacuum cleaner and dumped it onto the treated surface. Roughly half of the dust particles were removed with just three drops of water. It took only a dozen drops to leave the surface spotless. Better yet, it remains completely dry.]]></description>
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		<title>Nappies and microscopes?</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=316</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=316#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2015 11:00:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Materials and their properties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Properties and changes of materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diapers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nappies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[news]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=316</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Scientists have worked out a way to take better pictures of tiny parts of our bodies called cells, using disposable nappies. Professor Boyden and his colleagues found that with a special preparation based on the chemical in nappies that absorbs lots of liquid, they could make brain cells taken from rats swell to four and a half times their usual size. Our bodies are built from lots of different cells, in the same way models can be built from LEGO blocks. Usually, scientists use microscopes to see more details of tiny things. Microscopes make what you are looking at much much bigger, so you can look at an ant, for example, through a microscope and see lots of things you would otherwise miss. The trouble is that if you want to look at something really really small, like a cell taken from a dead rat&#8217;s brain, you need a much more powerful &#8211; and expensive &#8211; microscope. &#8216;We decided to try something different, and physically magnify the cells themselves,&#8217; said Edward Boyden, associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the USA. That helped the researchers to use ordinary microscopes to see more detail, such as the structures that [...]]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>Make magic mud from a potato</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=313</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=313#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2015 16:47:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cornstarch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[glow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[magic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mud]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[potato]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quinine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tonic water]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=313</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>How to turn milk into stone</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=302</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=302#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2015 15:21:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[casein]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[milk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protein]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vinegar]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Video: How to freeze things like Elsa from Frozen</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=288</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=288#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2015 16:57:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[snowman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[states of matter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supercool]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=288</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Water video &#8211; states of matter and the water cycle</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=257</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=257#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2015 15:49:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atoms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[liquid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[molecules]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[solid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[states of matter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=257</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Morning Glory</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=194</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=194#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2015 12:54:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Materials and their properties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Properties and changes of materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[colours]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geothermal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[news]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rocks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[springs]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=194</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers at Montana State University (USA) and Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences (Germany) have come up with an explanation for the beautiful colours of hot springs in Yellowstone National Park in the USA. They created a simple way to calculate the colours that can even visually recreate how the pools appeared years ago, before tourists began to drop coins into the pools while making wishes. (The metals in the coins affect the appearance.) &#8220;What we were able to show is that you really don&#8217;t have to get terribly complex &#8211; you can explain some very beautiful things with relatively simple models,&#8221; said Joseph Shaw, a professor at Montana State University and one of the researchers. The team calculated how each pool absorbs, scatters and reflects the light, taking the microbes (tiny organisms made up of just single cells) in the pools and the weather conditions into account. Shaw said that the researchers might collaborate with biologists in the future, as the colours may provide a way to monitor the pool microbes.]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>Superstrong and lightweight</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=186</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=186#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2015 10:15:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Materials and their properties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Properties and changes of materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alloy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aluminium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ceramic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lightweight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lithium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[magnesium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[news]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scandium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[strong]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[titanium]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=186</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers from North Carolina State University in the USA and Qatar University have developed a super-strong mixture of metals that is stronger for its weight than any other. So-called `high-entropy alloys&#8217; are mixtures of five or more metals in approximately equal amounts. The research team combined lithium, magnesium, titanium, aluminium and scandium. “The density is comparable to aluminum, but it is stronger than titanium alloys,” says Dr Carl Koch, Kobe Steel Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University. “The strength-to-weight ratio is comparable to some ceramics, but we think it’s tougher – less brittle – than ceramics,” Dr Koch continued. Strong, lightweight materials can be used to make cars, bicycles and artificial limbs that are strong but light, so need less energy to move around. The main problem is that the new alloy is made of 20 per cent scandium, which is extremely expensive. The researchers are planning to see whether they can make a similar alloy without scandium that is just as strong or stronger.]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>Amazing chemical reactions from 7a9rian2</title>
		<link>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=172</link>
		<comments>http://www.juniorsciencereporter.org.uk/?p=172#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2014 14:28:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joanna Carpenter]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[materials]]></category>

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